Mixed In Key Crack is a great tool to test your audio operations to give you another benefit in the field of music production. The session key that the server and the browser create during the SSL Handshake is symmetric.In Essential was launched as a must-have application for DJs who are looking for professionalism and high quality in their mixes. For example, in TLS/SSL communications, the server’s TLS certificate contains an asymmetric public and private key pair. PKI uses a hybrid crypto-system and benefits from using both types of encryptions. PKI is also what binds keys with user identities by means of a Certificate Authority (CA). Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is the set of hardware, software, people, policies, and procedures that are needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store, and revoke digital certificates. How does TLS/SSL use both asymmetric and symmetric encryption? Anyone who has the public key can encrypt data, but only the person with the private key can decrypt it. You can distribute the corresponding public key without worrying who gets it. As long as you keep your private key secret, no one can decrypt your messages. However, if you have to send the key to a user halfway around the world (a more likely scenario) you need to worry about data security.Īsymmetric encryption doesn’t have this problem. If you can walk over and tell your recipient the key, this isn’t a huge deal. Because the same key is used for symmetric encryption and decryption, both you and the recipient need the key. However, symmetric keys also have a major disadvantage-especially if you use them for securing data transfers. Symmetric keys are smaller than asymmetric, so they require less computational burden. Rather than being compared by their size, these keys should be compared by the following properties: computational burden and ease of distribution. However, this does not mean that asymmetric keys are better. Since asymmetric keys are bigger than symmetric keys, data that is encrypted asymmetrically is tougher to crack than data that is symmetrically encrypted. Which is Stronger: Asymmetric Keys or Symmetric Keys? To put it into perspective, it would take an average computer more than 14 billion years to crack a 2048-bit certificate. Though larger keys can be created, the increased computational burden is so significant that keys larger than 2048 bits are rarely used. 2048-bit keys have plenty of unique encryption codes with 617 digits in use. However, keys smaller than 2048-bits are no longer considered safe to use. Asymmetric keys are typically 1024- or 2048-bits. RSA stands for Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman- the men who first publicly used the algorithm in 1977. The most common asymmetric encryption algorithm is RSA. This way only the intended recipient can decrypt the message. ![]() However, decryption keys are kept private. With asymmetric encryption, anyone can use the public key to encrypt a message. These public and private keys are made up of different types of algorithms such as RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), which make them virtually impossible to crack.Īsymmetric Encryption, also known as Public Key Cryptography or SSL Cryptography, uses two separate keys for encryption and decryption. The technology at work behind the scenes of TLS/SSL encryption includes asymmetric and symmetric keys. ![]() To establish this connection, the browser and the server need a digital certificate, also known as a TLS/SSL certificate. ![]() TLS/SSL encrpytion also secures sensitive information such as credit card numbers, social security numbers, and login credentials while in transit. TLS/SSL cryptography and encryption is most widely used to secure websites across the internet and is the reason you see HTTPS in your browser address bar. Learn more about the Evolution of TLS/SSL cryptography here. However, many people still refer to TLS (the current internet security protocol in use) as SSL, and often the terms are used interchangably. Then it was replaced by TLS, or Transport Layer Security, which is now considered a more secure version of SSL. In fact, the first viable version of SSL was released as SSL 2.0 in 1995 by the internet browser Netscape and upgraded to SSL 3.0 in 1999 before being deprecated due to several vulnerabilities. The history of SSL, or Secure Sockets Layer, is closely intertwined with the history of the internet. SSL Cryptography uses Public Key Cryptography which requires asymmetric keys to encrypt and decrypt data sent between a server and a client-typically a website and a browser, or a mail server and a mail client, like Microsoft Outlook.
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![]() Dying Light: The Following - Enhanced Edition: Reinforcements v1.15 Fixed Files.Dying Light: The Following - Enhanced Edition: Prison Heist v1.16.0 Fixed Files.: STEAM + GoG (3rd-Party EULA) (Digital Download) Some Game Trainers are sometimes reported to be a Virus or Trojan, the most common is a keylogger called HotKeysHook or the file has been packed/protected with VMProtect or Themida and is recognized as Win32/Packed.VMProtect or Win32/ or Patch Questions? Visit FileForums.In most cases using a No-CD or Fixed EXE will solve this problem! Some original games do not work when a certain application has been installed, like DAEMON Tools.When using Fixed Files make sure to use a Firewall which controls outgoing traffic, as some games call back to report the use of these modified files!.When this happens use the original EXE to play online, else you could find yourself banned from the game! Some No-CD/Fixed EXE files work fine in Single Player mode but are detected to be modified when trying to play online.Always make a backup of the files that are overwritten by the File Archive, as the original files are usually required to update the game to a newer version or to play Online!.Dying Light: L4D2 Bill and Gnome Chompski Pack.Dying Light: Harran Tactical Unit Bundle.Dying Light: Viking: Raiders of Harran Bundle.Dying Light: Classified Operation Bundle.Dying Light: Volkan Combat Armor Bundle.v1.6.0 = Update #7 = The Bozak Horde AddOn/DLC.Dying Light v1.2.0 - v1.2.1 DEVELOPER/CHEAT MENU.Dying Light v1.4.0 CHROMATIC ABERRATION REBEGONE v1.0.Dying Light v1.2.0 - v1.3.0 LEVEL 99 - NOCAP & TWEAKS.Dying Light v1.4.0 LEVEL 99 + DEVELOPER CHEATS.Dying Light v1.5.0 LEVEL 99 + DEVELOPER CHEATS.Dying Light v1.5.1 LEVEL 99 + DEVELOPER CHEATS.Dying Light v1.6.0 DEV MENU + LEVEL 99 + DEV TWEAKS.Dying Light v1.6.1 DEV MENU + LEVEL 99 + DEV TWEAKS.Dying Light v1.6.2 DEV MENU + LEVEL 99 + DEV TWEAKS.Dying Light + The Following v1.13.0 +1 TRAINER.Dying Light + The Following v1.13.0 +20 TRAINER.Dying Light + The Following v1.14.0 +20 TRAINER.Dying Light: Hellraid v1.30.0 +22 TRAINER.Dying Light v20220201 +30 TRAINER/EDITOR. ![]()
![]() It demands too much time, does nothing to save your progress and, by the time you’ve restarted for the 10 th time, everything is basically the same. It seems impossible to prevail but somehow – you do. You even get into a kind of meditative mindset, especially with boss battles. Do not be deceived: This is a very difficult game but that does not negate the enjoyment. There’s a massive sense of accomplishment at reaching the end, finding great powerups and weapons. I’ve never had to wipe down the controller and wash my hands every hour or so, due to the intensity of the combat. There’s no denying the game is beautiful, has high productions, gorgeous music and sound, shows off the PS5’s features and is dazzling to behold it’s also, in its moment-to-moment play absolutely incredible and like nothing else I’ve ever encountered. ![]() And this is not a forward journey, after all, since there’s a high chance that all your hours of progress will vanish because of a split second decision – an arrow or explosion you don’t see coming from off-screen (which is why bullet-hells tend to give you a view that lets you see the whole level, like Housemarque’s other titles Resogun and Alienation). Returnal will sit, occupying your machine, keeping it alive, demanding you… return. That means you cannot quit, turn off the PS5 or load up another game. Returnal’s runs, from beginning to the only continue point, can last up to 5 or 6 hours. ![]() The reason for this is that other roguelikes rarely have runs that last north of an hour or so or they have clever systems for saving. I cannot recommend this game to anyone to purchase. Some people enjoy this, take pleasure in live-die-repeat formula of these game. The maps for each level change, too, so you cannot memorise areas that much – meaning you also need to navigate new paths. You retain some aspects like a rare currency and traversal upgrades (like grappling hooks). All you’ve accumulated disappears: no weapons, no common currency, no upgrades. Returnal is a roguelike/lite, which sees your character return again and again to the beginning of the game (until a certain point, then it’s starts at a midway point). There are no loading times and the game launches almost instantly from the main screen.īut it’s not worth the price of admission. You can feel the adaptive triggers… well, adapt, to the scenario you find yourself in. More pertinently, it fully utilises the ignored DualSense controller features: You feel the rain, wind, sand in your hands – tiny taps and thuds in your hands emulate the world around you. It’s a PS5 exclusive, showing off the incredible technology built into the latest next-gen console hardware from Sony. Your character is a determined, driven female scientist-warrior, with a penchant for exploration and careful documentation of a hostile alien world: Ellen Ripley meets Jane Goodall. This is, after all, a classic bullet-hell experience. Combat encounters are fast and terrifying, with alien creatures dazzling the screen with lethal lightshows, your character dancing between their attacks, setting your TV on fire with what I can only describe as gorgeous but chaotic deliberation. ![]() This game feels like you’re in a ballet of chaos and beauty, in a world lovingly designed with layers of interest and intrigue mysteries are stacked within mysteries. What is this place? Why are there corpses and audio logs of herself from different times? Why does she keep returning to the crash site upon death? Why is there a 20th century country house in the middle of an alien planet? And why is everything trying to kill her? This is the mystery at the centre of Returnal.Īnd as someone who loves mysteries, particularly those set in space with elements of cosmic horror, this would all otherwise be perfect. The game begins where Selene’s ship has crashed and she finds the body of another scout – only it’s hers. Selene is seeking the source of a mysterious signal called “White Shadow”. You play Selene, a scout who crashes on a mysterious, hostile alien planet. This beautifully-crafted, bullet-hell, third-person sci-fi, action-horror adventure game from the masters at Housemarque is carefully crafted. ![]() and Europe are great - but what I’ve found in the last year is that I think it does a little better in Europe. The most recent tour, in Spain and Morocco, was solo. On his frequent tours in Europe, where he wrote most of “Primrose Green”: “I have pretty good luck there getting gigs. I’m really into soul music right now - like Otis Redding and a lot of Stax Records stuff - so ‘groovier’ is a nice word for (the new music).” After like six months of playing a song, we’re like, this (stuff) is boring now, let’s record it. On constantly moving forward: “I’m not some big artist where people want to hear a hit song, so why not keep writing all the time? Right now we’re playing only new material. Reached last weekend while wandering backstage at Chicago’s Pitchfork Music Festival, Walker explained that his approach to touring and recording is more like that of a stand-up comedian than your typical musician: Material is hammered out on the road, and once Walker has released a record, he’s done playing the songs on it. The songs are full of deep grooves, pastoral melodies and surprising structural detours.īut don’t expect to hear much of the album when Walker and his band perform Saturday afternoon at the Mo Pop Festival. “Primrose Green” is an improvisational, deeply collaborative effort influenced as much by Charles Mingus as by Walker’s folk guitar hero John Fahey. Walker is a monster acoustic guitar talent with a pristine baritone singing voice and a list of contacts that reaches all over the rock and jazz undergrounds of his adopted city of Chicago. If you didn’t know anything about Ryley Walker before listening to his newest album, “Primrose Green,” you might think he emerged from the English countryside in the 1960s, sipping tea each afternoon while jamming with Nick Drake and Fairport Convention.īut one of the year’s most compelling folk-rock records is the product of a born-and-bred Midwesterner in his mid-20s, whose résumé of basement punk bands and bummer day jobs somehow seems too normal for the type of music he creates. ![]() Build cities, manage resources, and lead your troops to battle on land and at sea in 4 distinct campaigns with 35 missions that span across 500 years of history from the Dark Ages up to the Renaissance.Īn Age for All Players – Age of Empires IV is an inviting experience for new players with a tutorial system that teaches the essence of real-time strategy and a Campaign Story Mode designed for first time players to help achieve easy setup and success, yet is challenging enough for veteran players with new game mechanics, evolved strategies, and combat techniques.Ĭhallenge the World – Jump online to compete, cooperate or spectate with up to 7 of your friends in PVP and PVE multiplayer modes that include ranked seasons and much more!Ĭhoose Your Path to Greatness with Historical Figures – Live the adventures of Joan of Arc in her quest to defeat the English, or command mighty Mongol troops as Genghis Khan in his conquest across Asia. Return to History – The past is prologue as you are immersed in a rich historical setting of 10 diverse civilizations across the world from the English to the Chinese to the Delhi Sultanate in your quest for victory. Sculpt your own skirmish and multiplayer maps, craft unique mission scenarios, forge data driven tuning packs and envision new modes of play for Age of Empires IV. Or assemble one of the longest lasting empires in history with the Ottoman civilization and its well-trained military force, which features the largest gunpowder siege weapons available – the Great Bombards – mighty cannons that can fell any opponents who stand in your way.Ĭustomize Your Game with Mods (Beta) - Chart your own course with powerful creator tools in the latest beta release of Mod Editor. Two New Civilizations, 8 New Maps - Lead the mighty Malians of West Africa as one of the richest trading nations of all-time as you focus on strong economic prowess in mining and investing in gold. ![]() Celebrating its first year of delighting millions of global players, the award-winning and best-selling strategy franchise continues with Age of Empires IV: Anniversary Edition, putting you at the center of even more epic historical battles that shaped the world.įeaturing both familiar and innovative new ways to expand your empire in vast landscapes with stunning 4K visual fidelity, Age of Empires IV: Anniversary Edition brings an evolved real-time strategy game to the next level in this celebratory new version that includes a host of free new content such as brand-new civilizations, new maps, additional in-game updates and languages, and new masteries, challenges, taunts and cheats – all at an amazing value that packs in more history than ever before! The VSCO global community is very responsive and trendy. If you have never used VSCO, it will be a great experience once you start using it. You will find the VSCO icon on your Desktop, double click on it any time and enjoy capturing and editing photos and videos.If you are using a Mac, The process is the same, install the emulator, install VSCO on the emulator.Or, you can download it using a browser, drag and drop it on Bluestacks app, VSCO will be installed automatically.Log in to your google account using Play Store and search for VSCO, download and install it.Open up the emulator and go to the Playstore app found on the homepage.Download Bluestacks or Nox emulator on your computer and install it regularly.The process will be almost the same on both. However, you can get Nox Player for Mac or PC as well, and use it as your android emulator. Using the VSCO app on your computer will require an android emulator, my personal suggestion is to use Bluestacks emulator. More Read: How To Run Snapseed For Pc (Windows 7, 8, 10 And Mac) Here is how you can get VSCO for Windows and Mac use it on either a Windows PC or Mac. How to Download & Install To VSCO For PC (Windows and Mac)Īs the app was only developed for mobile platforms, All the VSCO users want to have the app on their PC and use it the way they use it on mobile. The relation to the app community is now more interactive, just like Instagram.Tools are now more suitable for direct sharing to the community.You can compare the main file and the edited file instantly at any time.You will have more effects and filters for better video transactions and photo editing.What are the features for the upcoming 2020?Īlong with all the conveniences of using the current version of VSCO for Mac or Windows in 2020, there are plenty more features are coming ahead, Such as: Synchronization between different devices is possible with VSCO.You can share your edits directly from the app to social media sites.Temperature control of the snaps you take is far better with VSCO.Now you can crop your photos and videos with more control over the screen with VSCO.The Exposure handling option of VSCO is the best in the line, you play with the exposure and contrast.You can straighten your photos and videos with high quality for PC viewing.It offers a lot of Vignette effects for better finishing to the borders of your photos and videos.VSCO has the maximum amount of filters for both photo and video editing options.Despite a whole community to interact with and share your thoughts with, there are a lot of technical features of VSCO you should know about. The popularity of VSCO came out of nowhere, there are tons of useful features that make VSCO so popular. It has a built-in camera to take perfect shots or videos and you can instantly share them with your community and social media. To make your editing skills even better, you will have impressive new filters, new revolutionary tools every few days. If you properly utilize the app and use it for your creation, you can grow your own community of followers as well. You can create photos, make videos, edit them with the stunning filters and color grading, share them with the community. No, you can buy LR 3, if you can find someone he still sells.Similar Read: How To Setup Inshot For PC 2021 On Your Computer Or Laptop I intend to switch to Lightroom and like I'm 10 32-bit Windows I can only install LR 5.7 right now. My question: if I buy a license LR 6 now, I'll be able to run LR 5 with it and in a few months, after the transition to 64-bit Windows, to install and run LR 6? Adobe does not sell THE previous versions of Lightroom. INSTALLING VSCO KEYS ON WINDOWS 10 LR5 SERIAL NUMBERSĪnd the serial numbers are specific to the version numbers. Your only option would be to buy 5 Lightroom from a third party source. Or, you can pay 10 $par month to have Lightroom 5.7 under the creative cloud package. Another solution would be to install a 64-bit operating system. If your computer is old might want to consider upgrading to a newer version anyway. ![]() How can I get a license key for Lightroom 5 these days? Hello, I downloaded lightroom 5 as a test for my mac (System 10.7.4). version As I want to work with the program, I am looking for a way to get a license key. ![]() With adobe, it seems that it is not possible to get one like them is the very new version of the program which is number 6. ![]() I don't want to upgrade my system, I'd really appreciate working with lightroom 5. If I've updated to Lightroom, where can I find the original license key? You would have to see if the resellers of third party (for example, Amazon, B & H, Adorama) can sell you 5 Lightroom.
![]() Converting the file requires circumventing DRM technology, which is illegal in most countries, including UK, Canada and the United States. The Add Item to Library function in Adobe Digital Editions does not work. Has your Adobe Digital Editions stopped working If your Adobe Digital Editions wont open or download books, this video will help you fix your Adobe Digita. In most countries, including in UK, Canada and the United States, it is illegal to circumvent or remove DRM technology from a file.Ĭan I convert a DRM-protected book into another format? Adobe Digital Editions software is used to manage borrowed e-book files. If any of the book is corrupt, It fails to open correctly. Yes, as long as both devices are authorized with the same Adobe ID. Please note that this reset will deauthorize all devices and applications authorized with your Adobe ID.Ĭan I download the same book on my tablet and my e-Reader? To reset your authorizations, you must contact Adobe's Customer Care. I reached the maximum of allowed authorizations with my Adobe ID. If you do not have an Adobe ID, you can create one by clicking create an Adobe ID. We can now go back to the browser page where we were checking out the e-book. My adobe digital editions reader has suddenly 'stopped working'. While ADE was installed, I went to the ADE website and redownloaded the program. What I did was reinstall it, while it was still installed. You can authorize up to 6 devices or applications with the same Adobe ID. Step 1: Search in the App Store for Adobe Digital Editions and install. You will not have to install Adobe Digital Editions again on this computer. Adobe Digital Editions 2.0 Has Stopped Working What to do when it wont load at all Through no screen The patron had already installed and uninstalled the program, but still, nothing worked. If you see the error message: "The Adobe ID and/or password provided does not appear to be valid", you can try another one of your email addresses until you find the right one.Ĭan I use the same Adobe ID with multiple devices or applications? (Windows Vista) Choose Start > Control Panel > Programs > Programs And Features. Try going to the sign-in page and logging in with your primary email address or one of your alternate email addresses. You can also try to reset your password. Your Adobe ID is the email address you provided when you signed up. Rhythmbox and a couple of other music apps support this as well, but options are always welcome - especially when provided by the official vendors. The Radio pane is the real boon of this app – Last.fm subscribers (£3/m) are able to listen to their radio directly in the desktop. The downloads page doesn’t actually say the Linux app will scrobble tracks from your local media players, so short of trying to shake some loose change out of Linux users pockets, you might wonder what the point of even making a Linux client was…įor now, the Linux Last.fm app isn’t useful for much more than looking shiny on your desktop unless you use the Radio feature: Personal Radio In my testing none of the usual media apps are detected by thew new Scobbler, and there are no settings pertaining to which apps should be scrobbled. However, the main reason you might want to use this on your desktop is not yet available for Linux. When did you last have an urge to see what your contacts were listening to in real time? Now, you can - without even opening your web browser. The Friends section shows who you are connected to on the service and what they are listening to. The Profile section shows statistics about yourself: how many tracks you have Scrobbled, how many tracks you have ‘Loved’, and who your top-listened artists are. Your Scrobbles are displayed in a list, and clicking on one takes you to an overview of the track and its artist. ![]() ![]() When you click on the tabs in the sidebar, you’ll glide between the panels, much like in Gwibber. No longer is it a second class citizen with a nasty, sub-par interface, but rather a ‘proper’ desktop app - just as you would expect to find on OSX or Windows.īuilt on WebKit, the app unsurprisingly runs very smoothly. Last.fm recently released a new version of their scrobbling app - including a native version for linux. ![]() Métamorphose is a free program available for Windows, Mac and Linux. GPRename is a free Linux file renaming application that batch renames files and directories.Īnother free bulk rename software is pyRenamer, which you can install through native package managers like APT or YUM. ![]() Click to select the file and then click the Rename button on the Home menu. Renamer can mass rename files, plus it can also change EXIF metadata and image creation/modified information. Rename Multiple Files in Windows Explorer. NameChanger is a free Mac program for bulk renaming of files. You can select images in a folder on MacOS (El Capitan or newer) and batch rename with a right click. Open Advanced Renamer > click Add under Rename Files, then from the drop-down list, pick the files, and in the dialog box, select the files to. Sirv will automatically generate a spin named "Spins" upon downloading the renamed images.įile Renamer Basic is a convenient easy-to-use mass renaming program.īulk Rename Utility is another fast batch renamer with lots of options. Rename Master is a freeware utility designed to rename multiple files with just a few clicks. ![]() Renaming multiple files and/or multiple folders has never been easier It has a. Rename in File Explorer To rename multiple files from File Explorer, select all the files you wish to rename, then press the F2 key. Your file names will look like image (1), image (2), image (3) etc. 9 Freeware To Batch Rename Multiple Files in Windows. Bulk Rename Utility is an easy to use file rename program (a.k.a. You can batch rename images in Windows by selecting (Shift+click or Ctrl+click to select several files Ctrl+A to select all) and pressing right-click > "Rename". Price :Free Mass rename images on Windows Hayes-Harb R (2006) Native speakers of Arabic and ESL texts: evidence for the transfer of written word identification processes. Harm M, Seidenberg M (2004) Computing the meaning of words in reading: cooperative division of labor between visual and phonological processes. Grainger J, Ziegler J (2011) A dual-route approach to orthographic processing. Blackwell, Maldenįender M (2008) Spelling knowledge and reading development: insights from Arab ESL learners. Appl Psycholinguist 32:467–481Įhri L (2005) Development of sight word reading: phases and findings. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 20:1197–1211ĭeacon SH, Whalen R, Kirby JR (2011) Do children see the danger in dangerous? Grade 4, 6, and 8 children’s reading of morphologically complex words. Academic Press, London, New York, pp 151–216Ĭoltheart M, Rastle K (1994) Serial processing in reading aloud: evidence for dual-route models of reading. In: Underwood G (ed) Strategies of information processing. Read Res Quart 40:428–449Ĭoltheart M (1978) Lexical access in simple reading tasks. Routledge, AbingdonĬarlisle J, Stone C (2005) Exploring the role of morphemes in word reading. In: Clenton J, Booth P (eds) Vocabulary and the four skills: pedagogy, practice, and implications for teaching vocabulary. 238):1–165īooth P, Clenton J (2020) Vocabulary and listening. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 58(10, Serial No. PhD thesis, London University, UKĪnglin JM (1993) Vocabulary development: a morphological analysis. Int Educ Stud 7(3):99–111Īlsulaimani A (1990) Reading problems in Arab learners of English. System 80:235–245Īlshaboul Y, Asassfeh S, Alshboul S, Alodwan T (2014) The contribution of L1 phonemic awareness into L2 reading: the case of Arab EFL readers. J Appl Linguist 30:26–43Īlhazmi K, Milton J (2019) Examining ‘vowel blindness’ among native Arabic speakers reading English from the perspective of eye-tracking. Longman, New York, pp 1–27Īlhazmi K (2018) Arabic EFL learners’ low-level reading difficulties: processing problems or knowledge problems? PhD dissertation, Swansea University, UKĪlhazmi K, Milton J (2015) Phonological vocabulary size, orthographic vocabulary size, and EFL reading ability among native Arabic speakers. Lang Learn 53:207–231Īlderson JC (1984) Reading in a foreign language: a reading problem or a language problem? In: Alderson J, Urquhart A (eds) Reading in a foreign language. The discussion addresses the importance of developing an orthographic lexicon of suitable size in L2 learners in order to read efficiently in English.Īkamatsu N (2003) The effects of first language orthographic features on second language reading in text. The findings indicate that Arabic-speaking EFL learners do in fact depend greatly on their L2 phonological lexicon when processing English written text. Regression modeling also showed that only phonological vocabulary knowledge was able to explain unique variance in learners’ L2 reading speed ( R 2 = .37). The results showed that phonological vocabulary knowledge correlated more strongly with L2 reading speed ( r = .61) than did orthographic vocabulary knowledge ( r = .32). Two measures tapping aural and written modalities of vocabulary knowledge, and a measure of reading speed were administered to the participants. To further our understanding of this unique reading difficulty, this study investigated the relationship between the phonological and orthographic lexicons and L2 reading speed among 82 native Arabic learners of EFL. However, research has repeatedly suggested that Arabic-speaking learners of EFL expend a great deal of their reading time in phonologically decoding words letter-by-letter before they are able to access their meanings. Reading in a foreign language is one of the key defining aspects of successful L2 acquisition. |